By WORLDLawDirect February 1st, 2011
Taxes Key Points
- Customers are required to pay state cigarette taxes on all cigarettes purchased from Internet cigarette retailers.
- Federal law requires all Internet cigarette retailers to report names of their customers to local state tax officials in almost all cases.
State Laws for Internet Cigarette Retailers
In the relatively brief period of time since the emergence of Internet cigarette retailers, states have responded with a broad array of regulatory and law enforcement approaches. The approaches range from prosecution of Internet cigarette retailers for violations of existing minimum age sales laws to a ban on all direct to consumer deliveries of cigarettes.
The law is clear that whenever an Internet cigarette retailer sells cigarettes to a customer, tobacco taxes are owed to the state where the customer is located. When customers purchase cigarettes from a grocery store or other brick and mortar retailer, they are technically liable for paying the state excise tax (“tobacco tax”) on that purchase. The tax liability may not be readily apparent to customers because states typically require the cigarette wholesaler or some other intermediary to collect and remit the tobacco tax for each package of cigarettes before the package ever reaches the retail store display. The stamp on each package of cigarettes is proof that the state tobacco tax was collected and remitted to the state.
Because interstate tax law complicates the application of this collection and remittance requirement to Internet cigarette retailers, states may opt to collect directly from Internet cigarette retailer customers. A federal law passed in 1949, which is referred to as the Jenkins Act, simplifies the procedure for locating Internet cigarette retailer customers. The Jenkins Act requires any person or business that ships cigarettes to a state imposing a tobacco tax to disclose to local tax enforcement officials the name and address of the shipper and the person to whom the cigarettes are shipped. The disclosure also must include the brand names and quantities sent to each address. States may use this information to collect the tax directly from the customer.
Several states have successfully used the Jenkins Act.
Washington state, for example, sued an Internet cigarette retailer under the Jenkins Act, ultimately forcing the Internet cigarette retailer to turn over all its relevant customer information to the state. The court found that states have an implied right to sue under the Jenkins Act because the Act was passed explicitly to benefit states and state enforcement is consistent with its goal.
While the Jenkins Act enforcement provides a tax enforcement option for any state, some states have adopted new laws to increase tobacco tax compliance as well as simplify collection. For example, in addition to complying with the Jenkins Act reporting requirements, Internet cigarette retailers selling in California must also collect all applicable tobacco taxes and remit them to the state. If the Internet cigarette retailer opts not to collect and remit such taxes, then the Internet cigarette retailer must clearly disclose to each customer the following
If these cigarettes have been shipped to you from a seller located outside of the state in which you reside, the seller has reported pursuant to federal law the sale of these cigarettes to your state tax collection agency, including your name and address. You are legally responsible for all applicable unpaid state taxes on these cigarettes.
This notification is important because the offer of tax free cigarettes is a primary promotional technique for Internet cigarette retailers.
Californians who think they can evade state tobacco taxes by purchasing from an Internet cigarette retailer, will be disabused of this notion shortly after their first purchase.
Youth Access Laws for Internet Cigarette
Retailers
When tested in compliance checks, Internet cigarette retailers frequently sell to children. Many states have reacted by passing youth access laws tailored specifically for Internet cigarette retailers. Rhode Island became the first such state in 2000. Before shipping a tobacco product into Rhode Island, Internet cigarette retailers must obtain a copy of the customer’s government identification showing that he or she is at least 18 years of age, along with a written attestation as to the authenticity and accuracy of the photocopy. Internet cigarette retailers selling to Rhode Island customers must also limit delivery to the address listed on the identification and use a delivery service that requires the signature of the addressee or another adult.
Since Rhode Island passed its law in 2000, numerous states have adopted similar laws with additional requirements. For example, California mandates that Internet cigarette retailers check back with customers, in part to confirm that the potential customer is an adult.
The California requirement states
The distributor or seller shall submit to each credit card acquiring company with which it has credit card sales identification information in an appropriate form and format so that the words “tobacco products” may be printed in the purchaser’s credit card statement when a purchase of tobacco product is made by credit card payment.
The distributor or seller shall make a telephone call after 5 p.m. to the purchaser confirming the order prior to shipping the tobacco products. The telephone call may be a person to person call or a recorded message. The distributor or seller is not required to speak directly with a person and may leave a message on an answering machine or by voice mail.
The “check back” requirement, which exists in some other states, is meant to inform parents or guardians about their children’s purchases, information that might otherwise remain hidden. The “check back” requirement also intensifies minors’ concern that a parent or guardian will intercept the delivery of the tobacco products, which should dissuade at least some children patronizing Internet cigarette retailers.
Other laws in California include requiring a two carton minimum per order and prohibiting the use of cash and money orders as a payment option.
A few states have banned Internet cigarette retailers from shipping cigarettes directly to consumers to keep Internet cigarette retailers from selling to children.
New York was the first state to adopt this approach in August 2000.
The New York law prohibits all tobacco retailers, including Internet cigarette retailers, from shipping cigarettes directly to consumers with few exceptions. Alaska followed New York’s example in 2003. In December 2004, Arkansas similarly banned Internet cigarette retailers when the Supreme Court of Arkansas upheld the Arkansas Tobacco Control Board’s ruling that tobacco retailers must have a physical space in the state in order to obtain a license to sell cigarettes directly to consumers in Arkansas.
Related News Articles
Prevent All Cigarette Trafficking (PACT) Act
American Lung Association, May 15th 2010
On March 31st, 2010 President Barack Obama signed the Prevent All Cigarette Trafficking (PACT) Act, legislation to regulate the sale of tobacco products over the Internet and through the mail. The PACT Act makes it harder for vendors to avoid paying federal, state, and local taxes and forces internet retailers to comply with other regulations of tobacco products, including selling to minors.
Previously, online sellers of tobacco products often failed to pay state excise taxes making cigarettes and tobacco products cheaper than store bought substitutes. Online and mail order venders were also an easy source of cigarettes for underage smokers.
The PACT Act will encourage more smokers to quit and limit the access of kids and young people to cigarettes. With bi partisan sup
port in the House and Senate and key sponsorships from Rep. Anthony Weiner (D NY) and Sen. Herb Kohl (D WI), the new legislation will help curb access to tobacco in a number of important ways. It will
- Require all federal, state, and local taxes on tobacco products be paid and documented
- Ban the delivery of tobacco products through the U.S. Postal Service
- Require age verification upon both the purchasing and delivery of tobacco products
- Authorize greater penalties and provide better enforcement tools for state law enforcement
This is a dual strike at deceptive practices by Big Tobacco and another legislative victory for the American Lung Association and public health. The American Lung Association strongly supports this legislation and greatly appreciates the leadership of President Obama, Senator Kohl, Congressman Weiner and the entire Congress in its efforts to prevent the illegal sale of tobacco products.
Supreme Court Accepts Appeal of Online Cigarette Sales Case
June 27, 2007, News Summary
The U.S. Supreme Court has agreed to decide whether states have the power to regulate Internet tobacco sales in order to prevent delivery of cigarettes to minors, the Associated Press reported June 25.
The high court will review a 1st U.S. Circuit Court of Appeals ruling that federal interstate commerce statutes preempted the state of Maine’s attempt to require delivery companies to inspect every package containing tobacco slated for delivery in the state.
The Maine attorney general argued that the 2003 law falls under the state’s public health police powers, and told the Supreme Court that the appeals court ruling “leaves delivery sales of tobacco to children unregulated by any government, a result nowhere suggested by Congress or supported by common sense.”
Delivery companies and the Bush administration opposed the law.
Court to Hear Internet Cigarette Fight
2007 06 25, The Associated Press
Intro The Supreme Court on Monday agreed to consider reinstating Maine’s law aimed at regulating Internet sales of cigarettes to keep them out of the hands of minors.
Trade associations for delivery companies successfully argued in an appeals court that a federal statute supporting the free flow of interstate commerce pre empted the Maine law.
The Maine attorney general, who asked the Supeme Court to hear the case, argues that states should be allowed to exercise their historic public health police powers to stop delivery of tobacco to children.
The case is Rowe v. New Hampshire Motor Transport, 06 457.
See also…
Internet Law Forum
Tax Law Forum
Business and Finance Law
Thousands of arizonans told to pay taxes for online cigarette purchases
Cigarettes online Blog Archive E-cigarette forum
PHOENIX Tens of thousands of Arizonans are facing fines and penalties over unpaid taxes after purchasing cigarettes online.
The Arizona Department of Revenue has been sending out notices to residents that the department claims have purchased cigarettes online without paying the required state taxes.
Sean Laux, chief legislative liaison and pubic information officer for the Arizona Department of Revenue, said Arizona is only one of many states that were notified by the federal government about people who had been purchasing cigarettes online.
“We received information directly about Arizona residents who were purchasing cigarettes with the detail of those purchases,” Laux said. “Once we received that information, we took a look, and we cross checked our system to see if both the luxury tax and use tax were paid and if not, we started sending out notices of tax due.”
All cigarette sales in Arizona are subject to both luxury taxes a tax on liquor and tobacco as well as use tax which is a tax on any tangible good that is used, stored or consumed in the state.
Laux said many people might have opted to purchase cigarettes online at sometimes half of the regular cost either without realizing that taxes required in the state of Arizona were not being paid or in an attempt to avoid paying the dues.
Now, Laux said the department is sending notices of unpaid taxes to about 30,000 people who will have to pay the past due taxes, penalties and interest. The issue has raised concerns for some who might wonder whether the Department of Revenue will come after unpaid taxes on other items purchased online.